People who are high in extroversion tend to seek
out social stimulation and opportunities to engage with others. These
individuals are often described as being full of life, energy and positivity.
In group situations, extroverts are likely to talk often and assert
themselves.
Introverts, on the
other hand, are people who are low in extroversion. They tend to be quiet,
reserved and less involved in social situations. It is important to note that
introversion and shyness are not the same.
Extroverts are
often unfairly pegged as overly talkative or attention-seeking. In reality,
they simply gain energy from engaging in social interaction. People
who are high in extroversion need social stimulation to feel energized. They
gain inspiration and excitement from talking and discussing ideas with other
people.
Common
Extroversion Traits.
Extroversion is
often marked by a number of different sub-traits, such as:
- Warmth.
- Novelty and excitement-seeking.
- Gregariousness.
- Assertiveness.
- Cheerfulness.
- Talkativeness.
- Enjoying being the centre of attention.
- Action-oriented.
- Friendly.
- Engaging.
Causes of Extroversion.
The exact reason
why people tend to be more extroverted or more introverted has been the subject
of considerable debate and research in psychology. As with many such debates,
the question tends to boil down to two key contributors: nature or nurture.
- Genetics: Extroversion clearly has a strong genetic
component. Twin studies suggest that genetics contribute somewhere between
40% and 60% of the variance between extroversion and introversion.
- Environment: Sibling
studies published in 2011 have suggested that individual
experiences carry greater weight than do shared experiences in
families.
Extroversion and Behaviour.
Variability in
this trait may be linked to differences in cortical arousal. Extroverts tend to
need more external stimulation while introverts tend to become stimulated very
easily, according to some researchers.
How does
extroversion affect behaviour? Researchers have found that being high in this
personality trait is linked to a number of different tendencies. In
addition to contributing to personalities, this trait may also play a role in
career choices.
According to
researchers, extroversion is associated with leadership behaviour. Since
extroverts are more likely to assert themselves in groups, it makes sense that
they often take on leadership roles when working with other people.
As you might imagine, high levels of extroversion can be particularly well suited to jobs that require a great deal of interaction with other people. Teaching, sales, marketing, public relations and politics are all jobs in which an extrovert might do well.
How Common Is Extroversion?
The researchers suggested that there are two key
factors that determine who people become friends with. Extroverts tend to be
very sociable, making them more likely to form new friendships than introverts.
People also tend to form friendships with people with similar levels of
extroversion as themselves.
While extroverts are more likely to become friends with other extroverts, introverts tend to forge relationships with both introverts and extroverts. To extroverts, it seems like most people are also extroverted because that personality trait is overrepresented among their group of friends and acquaintances. Introverts, however, might have a better grasp of the true structure of social networks.
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