Time to rethink our Covid-19 housing strategy on migrant workers

 

MP SPEAKS | It’s karma: just like you reap what you sow, we are facing the consequences of abusing migrant workers for decades.

A significant contributor to the Covid-19 infections is the workplace and worker dormitory clusters.

In the last few months, Malaysians were fed with daily images of migrant workers living in slavery-like conditions.

What was certain in worker dormitories was that physical distancing was a luxury.

Employers' greed and disregard for laws together with poor government enforcement have turned the workplaces into toxic and super spreader zones.

Put differently, the chickens have come home to roost as a result of years of government neglect and employers’ focus on profits over decent work and minimum standards of housing for workers.

The Malaysian workplace brings together three broad categories of workers: local, documented (1.5 million) and undocumented migrant workers (3.5 to 4 million). At the workplace, the potential of infecting one another is real.

And true enough, numbers indicate that 225 of the 350 clusters recorded were in workplaces. The highest clusters were from the manufacturing sector (80), followed by construction (53) and services (31). And 28,477 of the 122,225 migrant workers tested were positive.

Given this nightmarish situation, we need to rethink our strategy as it appears that the quarantining of workers is not working because dormitories are designed to pack as many people as possible.

Leaked images of quarantine dorms show beds and workers huddled together without physical distancing.

Areas like toilets were at unacceptable hygiene levels. Both of these are concerns, especially in the spread of Covid-19.

And there are cases where quarantined workers are placed in two sections of the same floor with migrant workers who are negative, and all sharing the same common facilities such as toilets, walkways and elevators.

The buses that ferry workers to their dorm do not follow physical distancing either.

In the interest of public health and to stop the spread, the government should set up a task force led by local councils involving employers and professional groups including NGOs to help plan, monitor and implement the Covid-19 testing and recovery process within the jurisdiction of the council.

Local councils will have a good sense of building space available in their respective areas, which could be used either during quarantine or for employers who might want to secure more space for their workers to ensure physical distancing.

The responsibility to manage quarantined workers and ensuring sufficient physical distancing space should be left to the government task force and not to employers and labour brokers.

All infected workers should be isolated in recovery facilities stipulated by the government task force.

And these recovery facilities could include securing existing budget hostels, government-run dorms, underutilised government buildings and hotels (including budget hotels) that are facing closure.

Buses transporting workers to and back from their dorms should be kept at 50 percent of the current occupancy or below to ensure physical distancing.

In the long run, the government and employers must commit themselves to improve workers' living standards and building new dormitories that follow Workers’ Minimum Standards of Housing and Amenities Act.

And given the urgency in battling the epidemic, the government could consider initiating turnkey projects in the construction of worker dormitories with fast-track approvals made possible.

Alternatively, the government including state governments could build these dorms on a turnkey basis and rent them out to SMEs that might not be able to build their own dormitories.

This will also give them the authority to do regular checks to ensure that the compliance towards safety and hygiene is followed.

The movement control order (MCO) would only be effective in mitigating the pandemic until the hidden source of infection is identified and traced to break the chain of local transmissions.

What makes me worry are the lies and witch-hunting against undocumented workers since March 2020 that have made them afraid to come out for testing or receiving treatment.

Under the current immigration laws, the employers will be issued a fine of not less than RM10,000 but not more than RM50,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 12 months, for each undocumented immigrant under his employment.

The above reasons have disincentivised both workers and employers from doing the Covid-19 test, as the test results will be reported to government agencies.

The fact is that migrant workers are a part of our community and the government must look into a comprehensive healthcare policy to ensure everyone is safe and protected, including making them part of the vaccination programme.

Our neighbour Thailand has made a progressive move by legalising undocumented workers for two years to stem the spread of the Covid-19.

I urge the government to grant amnesty for six months for undocumented migrant workers and conduct targeted mass testing for them.

The cumulative number of screenings is just 12 percent of documented migrant workers’ population. If we add up the undocumented workers, the screening rate is completely insignificant with less than four percent.

Even with the Health Ministry’s testing based on their actual capacity, we need at least three months to ensure all migrant workers are screened. However, the testing rate is too slow to detect the source of infection.

The utilisation of the PCR testing (takes about four to even days) is just not feasible to mitigate the current situation. A better mechanism to counter this would be to utilise the Rapid Test Kit Antigent (RTK-Ag) that has a faster turnaround time (a couple of hours) and they can get the results to start the isolation and contact tracing.

This saves days of work and more importantly, prevents the spread, especially with the workers moving and carrying the virus along with them and spreading it to others.

Another method worth considering is pool testing for migrant workers, that is, combining samples from multiple people who stayed in the same dorm and carrying out one test on the whole batch. This will not only save time but also save costs.

If a pool gets a positive result, it can move to the second phase of testing, which breaks down the pool into smaller samples to identify the infected person or people.

Pool testing is more cost-effective and less time-consuming, and we could even prevent the laboratories from being overburdened.

We must therefore address the root causes and rethink our strategy to contain the virus as our economy cannot afford another lockdown.

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CHARLES SANTIAGO is the DAP MP for Klang. - Mkini

The views expressed here are those of the author/contributor and do not necessarily represent the views of MMKtT.