Focus should be on prevention of suicides, not punishment

The Malaysian Medical Association (MMA) urges the government to repeal Section 309 of the penal code that criminalises attempted suicide. Professional, evidence-based interventions should be the way forward in addressing the problem of suicides.

The Malaysian Guideline on Suicide Prevention and Management, published by the Health Ministry in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2013, was comprehensive. It should be updated and used as a framework for addressing suicides.

The guidelines call for "innovative, new models of community mental health, tapping on the strength of all relevant agencies.”

One idea which was already implemented was the Community Mental Health Centres, also known as Mentari. These are walk-in centres where mental health services are made more accessible. Continuation of treatment and psychosocial services are provided to those in need.

Multiagency involvement is one approach that should be given serious thought. Engagement with consumer groups (suicide survivors), friends and family of the victims, NGOs like Befrienders, Malaysian Mental Health Association; and Talian Nur under the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development, together can form stronger support systems.

Suicidal thoughts can sometimes arise in many, during times of stress. When coupled with a plan and carried out, that is a symptom of an underlying mental disorder.

Suicide is preventable and numerous studies have shown that better outcomes can be achieved with timely, evidence-based interventions from trained professionals like counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians from both the government and private sector.

Depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, substance abuse, and certain personality disorders are among some of the main risk factors for suicide.

Depression is a major concern and especially now as the country is in its recovery phase of the MCO. The MCO had affected the livelihoods of many Malaysians and many are going through tough financial times. MMA is concerned that financial stress may lead to an increase in cases of depression, anxiety, and ultimately suicides.

Depression must be given more serious attention. Numerous studies have indicated that the majority of suicides are linked to depression. According to WHO, globally, over 264 million people of all ages, suffer from depression. In Malaysia, according to the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, 2.3 percent of our adult population has depression. We estimate cases of depression in the country are much higher as many do not seek professional help and a number of cases are undiagnosed and untreated.

Mental health must be made a priority in our public healthcare system. Awareness of mental health issues needs to be increased. The public must be aware that there is help available from trained professionals. Mental health should be our focus to prevent and reduce cases of suicide. People who attempt suicide need help, not punishment.

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DR N GANABASKARAN is the president of the Malaysian Medical Association. - Mkini