Hi folks. Yesterday for the first time in 60 days I left the house and took a drive. We ended up here by the beach. This is Port Dickson. I was looking at some seabirds inside that mangrove clump across from where I was standing. (Couldnt see the MP though). There were very few people around but n'theless I had my mask on. I am sure it would be uncomfortable to see others walking around unmasked.
Anyway a friend called just now. Asking about the "no comments" in this blog. I already miss reading the regulars. Lets see what the cat drags in tomorrow.
I received the following in the inbox. It is about the Hebrew Bible.
Even for those of you who are Christians or Muslims and have an interest in the Bible you may find this quite plodding. But it is quite significant.
I have truncated it. To read the full article click here.
It is an interesting read. There is some mention about the story of Abraham (Ibrahim).
Israeli Scholars Discover Corrections, Erasures, Revisions in Oldest Biblical Manuscript
Leningrad Codex shows millennium ago, several different versions of Bible evolved
By Nir Hasson May 14, 2020
biblical story of binding of Isaac in original Hebrew troubling linguistic problem
ram appears to replace Isaac on the altar.
“And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns” (Genesis 22:13).
Hebrew text has extra word, “ahar” after “ram”
doesn’t fit in sentence
tiny extra stroke would turn “ahar” into “ehad,” the word for “one”
making the phrase read, “and behold behind him one ram caught in the thicket”
This version actually existed in early versions of Bible
now it has been discovered again – albeit erased – in Leningrad Codex.
Scholars from the Academy of the Hebrew Language
discovered hundreds of corrections
changes made by erasing, altering, adding letters, vocalization marks
Leningrad Codex written millennium ago shows different versions of biblical text
Leningrad Codex was written in Cairo in 1008 or 1009 C.E.
Today in National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg
codex is oldest and most complete version of Bible in existence
Israel Defense Forces’ edition of Bible based on Leningrad Codex
In its importance, Leningrad Codex 2nd only to Aleppo Codex
But Aleppo Codex missing pages, mainly from 1st five books of Bible
scholars studying Leningrad Codex discovered erasures, alterations
changes tell us quite a bit about codex and variations in biblical text
until accepted, authoritative text was finalized
ram story wasn’t just an error by scribe
an alternate version of text
corrected it, but didn’t always succeed; there are discrepancies
beginning of 11th century, all kinds of versions going around
Another notable correction is in the word “naked” – “arumim” in Hebrew
“they were both naked, man and wife, and were not ashamed” (Genesis 2:25).
“u” in “arumim” can be written either with Hebrew “vav” or vocalization mark
scribe who wrote the codex chose the latter option
another case, “..thy brother may live with thee” (Leviticus 25:36) was changed
another case, “..thy brother may live with thee” (Leviticus 25:36) was changed
corrections made by gently scraping parchment and adding letters or marks
99% of people think printed Bible reached us from 1,500 or 3,000 years ago
truth is that it’s a manuscript
meaning a scribe sat and wrote it out
sometimes made mistakes
database will include original words and corrections
hope that they will be of use to future scholars
Leningrad Codex reveal stage in development of text
process continued for hundreds of years
1st centuries changes in entire sentences
Later changes limited to individual words
finally to vocalization marks
Padan muko
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