Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. If you have it, you may have
trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. As a result, you may get too
little sleep or have poor-quality sleep. You may not feel refreshed when you
wake up.
What are the types of insomnia?
Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Acute insomnia
is common. Common causes include stress at work, family pressures or a
traumatic event. It usually lasts for days or weeks.
Chronic insomnia lasts for a month or longer. Most cases of chronic
insomnia are secondary. This means they are the symptom or side effect of some
other problem, such as certain medical conditions, medicines and other sleep
disorders. Substances such as caffeine, tobacco and alcohol can also
be a cause.
Sometimes chronic insomnia is the primary problem. This means that it is
not caused by something else. Its cause is not well understood but long-lasting
stress, emotional upset, travel and shift work can be factors. Primary insomnia
usually lasts more than one month.
Who is at risk for insomnia?
Insomnia is common. It affects women more often than men. You can get it
at any age but older adults are more likely to have it. You are also at higher
risk of insomnia if you:
- Have a lot of stress.
- Are depressed or have other emotional
distress, such as divorce or death of a spouse.
- Have a lower income.
- Work at night or have frequent major
shifts in your work hours.
- Travel long distances with time
changes.
- Have an inactive lifestyle.
What are the symptoms of insomnia?
Symptoms of insomnia include:
- Lying awake for a long time before you
fall asleep.
- Sleeping for only short periods.
- Being awake for much of the night.
- Feeling as if you have not slept at
all.
- Waking up too early.
What other problems can insomnia cause?
Insomnia can cause daytime sleepiness and a lack of energy. It also can
make you feel anxious, depressed or irritable. You may have trouble focusing on
tasks, paying attention, learning and remembering. Insomnia also can cause
other serious problems. For example, it could make you may feel drowsy while
driving. This could cause you get into a car accident.
What are the treatments for insomnia?
Treatments include lifestyle changes, counseling, and medicines:
- Lifestyle changes,
including good sleep habits, often help relieve acute (short-term)
insomnia. These changes might make it easier for you to fall asleep and
stay asleep.
- A type of counseling called
cognitive-behavioral therapy can help relieve the anxiety linked to
chronic (ongoing) insomnia.
- Several medicines also can help
relieve your insomnia and allow you to re-establish a regular sleep
schedule.
If your insomnia is the symptom or side effect of another problem, it is important to treat that problem.
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