Harapan must offer Malaysia a new federal deal

MP SPEAKS | Independence is meaningless if it does not ensure self-government. After all, we didn’t get rid of unelected foreign rulers only to replace them with new colonial masters from our midst.

When Malaysia was formed 59 years ago, many questioned if we as a political union could last, or if Malaya would emerge as the new colonial master. These two questions have not disappeared altogether even 59 years after the country’s formation and may never will.

We still have Malayan imperialists who see Malaysia as nothing but an extension of “Tanah Melayu” and Muslim nationalists who want to impose their moral and cultural aspirations on other Malaysians, including Borneo Muslims.

Some of them even insult other Malaysians on a seasonal basis when elections are near. If such bullies are not checked by the majority of Malaysians who treasure our God-given diversity and harmony, separatist voices in Sabah and Sarawak would naturally grow in response.

The failure in realising the Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) has frustrated many Sabahans and Sarawakians. Fixated with a tripartite structure, some believe the solution lies in treating the federal government as only representing Malaya, so that Sarawak and Sabah can be its equal partners.

This view is, however, unpragmatic and counterproductive – even with Malayan politics now fragmented, Sabah and Sarawak have no bargaining power to force the federal government to retreat to representing only Malaya as before 1963.

While Sabah and Sarawak may aspire to be Scotland, the 11 Malayan states with nine royal houses are real political entities that cannot be forced into an England-like entity.

Federal, regional, and state govts

The more realistic position is to see inter-governmental relations as one of 1+2+11, ie, one federal government, two regional governments (Sabah and Sarawak), and 11 state governments (Malaya).

Below the second-tiered governments of regions and states are the divisions (in Sabah and Sarawak), municipalities, and district councils (in Malaya) that should be elected.

But more importantly, consigning the federal government as the representatives of the 11 states, Sabah and Sarawak should work closely with the 11 states who are also victims of over-centralisation to demand decentralisation.

Sabah and Sarawak should not fear that if 11 states get more power than they do now, Sabah and Sarawak would be downgraded to be on par with them. The history of Malaysia’s formation has made it clear that Sabah and Sarawak would enjoy special status and more rights than the Malayan states, a reality that those states would not challenge.

A 2+11 team-up between East and West Malaysia can therefore be a win-win scenario: the 11 states get more rights than they do now, and the two regions get more rights than both now and compared to the Malayan states.

What the 2+11 team-up can demand to include concurrent powers in policy domains like education and health, sharing of tax revenues and an elected and enhanced senate with veto power given to Sabah and Sarawak.

Article 1(2) of the Federal Constitution signifies equal partnership of Malaya, Sabah, and Sarawak.

From the beginning of the formation of Malaysia in 1963, the governance of at least 10 departments in Sabah and Sarawak are autonomous, namely: agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishery, water, public works, labour, electricity, wildlife, local government.

In the peninsula, these 10 departments are being governed at the federal level. There is a need to coordinate the planning, organising, and budgeting of these 10 departments at the Malaysian level.

The renegotiation of Malaysia’s federalism would need an Inter-Governmental Committee 2.0 (IGC 2.0) with the federal government, two regional governments and 11 state governments working together to enhance Malaysia’s political transformation and economic resilience.

I have personally advocated for IGC 2.0 in forums organised by Wisdom Foundation since early 2021.

Pakatan Harapan must take a bold lead in offering Malaysia a new federal deal, which would require a lot of communication and trust-building. BN and PN would bend over to woo the East Malaysian parties but they are trapped in the Malayan-centric mindset, resulting in perfunctory promises which do not build political support for decentralisation in Malaya.

To make credible and viable offers, Harapan must first form a federal-state council within its own, with the parliamentary opposition leader, the chief ministers of Selangor, Penang, and Negeri Sembilan, as well as other key Harapan leaders of Sabah, Sarawak, and Malaya to study and discuss how the interests of the federal government, regions and states can be rationalised and balanced.

I am happy to offer myself to play an executive role in the formation of this important consultative body.

Voting rights

As a start, Harapan should campaign to end the “suppression” of Borneo voters due to the denial of absentee voting rights. Currently, 300,000 Sabahans and 200,000 Sarawakians live in the peninsula, mostly because they don’t have enough job or education opportunities in their home states. To ask them to take leave and fork out some RM1,000 to go home to vote is utterly unfair.

Due to this and other factors, we see much lower turnout in Sarawak and Sabah than other parts of Malaysia. When the last three general elections registered national turnouts at 76 percent (2008), 85 percent (2013) and 82 percent (2018), Sarawak registered only 65 percent, 76 percent, and 73 percent for its parliamentary elections for the same period. This is lower by 9-11 percentage points while Sabah recorded only 69 percent, 80 percent, and 77 percent in the same polls, lower by 5-7 percentage points.

In the Sarawak elections that were held at different times than the general elections, the turnout rates were terrifyingly lower: 62 percent (2001, 2006), 70 percent (2011), 68 percent (2016) and 61 percent (2021).

Harapan must demand through the MOU steering committee for the government led by Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob to guarantee that absentee voting would be made available in the capital of every region and state for voters to cast their vote for their home constituency.

Harapan must show Malaysians that it is the most Malaysian-minded national coalition for them to entrust their votes in GE15. - Mkini

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WILFRED MADIUS TANGAU is Tuaran MP.

The views expressed here are those of the author/contributor and do not necessarily represent the views of MMKtT.